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building access or storage in an area other than a basement and which are subject <br />to flooding shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on <br />exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting <br />this requirement must either be certified by a registered professional engineer or <br />architect or meet or exceed the following minimum criteria: <br />a. A minimum of two openings on separate walls having a total net area of <br />not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject <br />to flooding shall be provided. <br />b. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade. <br />c. Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves, or other <br />coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit <br />of floodwaters. <br />(4) Manufactured homes. <br />a. Require that all manufactured homes to be placed within zone A on a <br />community's FHBM or FIRM shall be installed using methods and practices <br />which minimize flood damage. For the purposes of this requirement, <br />manufactured homes must be elevated at least one foot above the base flood <br />elevation and anchored to resist flotation, collapse, or lateral movement. <br />Methods of anchoring may include, but are not limited to, use of over -the -top <br />or frame ties to ground anchors. This requirement is in addition to applicable <br />state and local anchoring requirements for resisting wind forces. <br />b. Require that manufactured homes that are placed or substantially <br />improved within zones Al-30, AH, and AE on the community's FIRM on <br />sites (i) outside of a manufactured home park or subdivision, (ii) in a new <br />manufactured home park or subdivision, (iii) in an expansion to an <br />existing manufactured home park or subdivision, or (iv) in an existing <br />manufactured home park or subdivision on which a manufactured home <br />has incurred "substantial damage" as a result of a flood, be elevated on <br />a permanent foundation such that the lowest floor of the manufactured <br />home, as well as any electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air <br />conditioning equipment and other service facilities affixed thereto, is <br />elevated at least one foot above the base flood elevation or at or above <br />the riverine 500-year floodplain elevation, whichever is higher, and be <br />securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system to resist <br />flotation, collapse, and lateral movement. <br />c. Require that manufactured homes be placed or substantially improved on <br />sites in an existing manufactured home park or subdivision with zones A1- <br />30, AH and AE on the community's FIRM that are not subject to the provisions <br />of paragraph (4) of this section be elevated so that the lowest floor of the <br />manufactured home is elevated at least one foot above the base flood <br />elevation or at or above the riverine 500-year floodplain elevation, <br />whichever is higher. <br />14 <br />