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r1 <br />1r ~J <br />J <br />• <br /> <br />Section 2 -Voting Rights Act <br />May not have the purpose or effect to reduce the <br />opportunity of a protected racial or ethnic <br />minority group to participate in the electoral <br />process and to elect candidates of their <br />choice. <br />In effect, anon-discrimination standard. Does <br />not guarantee electoral success. <br />May not "pack" or "fracture" minority voting <br />strength. <br />~t~-~( <br />Redistricting Standards under <br />Shaw v. Reno Line of Cases <br />• It is OK to be aware of race and to consider race. <br />• But race may NOT be the predominant factor in <br />the redistricting process to the subordination of <br />traditional districting principles. <br />• Bizarrely shaped districts are not <br />unconstitutional per se BUT the bizarre shape <br />may be evidence that race was predominant <br />consideration in the districting process. <br />7~~ v`/ <br />•~ .e ,,. ~ ~-S <br /> <br />~w~in~~' 1i~~5 <br />7 <br />