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Recommended~ests for Residual`uels <br />_f . ~..1 Y~'. b t, n ~'J ~/ <br />- ~ i ~ ~ wa y 1 - ~r~y ~ K~, .x <br />r \ ~_, <br />~, <br />The routine <br />testscaxried out for marine <br />~, <br />~ <br />. fuel oils are ,~ <br />~ <br />, <br />; ~ <br />~ t~ <br />, <br />„ <br />, <br />f{:~ 4 ~;k-'r 'CIS! ~'. 'C ^h.?t> S <br />' <br />' 1 t'~" ~f <br />r ~ ~~T <br />Density <br />A:y <br />,Viscosity' `~ <br />Water ~, ~ a ~ - <br />f S. <br />;ti rAs <br />~.~ Vanad~ <br />Density <br />..., . ,k~~ .:.t-: <br />Fuel delivery is measured by <br />volume but invoiced by weight. <br />The density information is there- <br />fore essential for determining the <br />weight of the fuel received. Den- <br />sity must be known in order that <br />the shipboard staff can set the <br />centrifuges correctly and also for <br />calculating the calorific value <br />of the fuel. <br />Viscosity <br />Viscosity is the parameter deter- <br />mining fuel grade and thus the <br />price of the product delivered. <br />It must be known for determining <br />the fuel pre-heating temperature <br />prior to centrifuging and fuel <br />injection. Where additional . <br />heating capacity on board the <br />ship is available, considerable <br />savings in fuel costs can be made <br />by burning a higher viscosity <br />grade without necessarily <br />compromising on fuel quality, <br />provided that there are no limita- <br />tions due to engine condition <br />and engine manufacturer's <br />recommendations. <br />Water Content <br />Besides representing a loss of <br />energy content in the fuel, water <br />can cause numerous problems <br />for the fuel pre-treatment and <br />high pressure injection system. <br />Salt water can lead to corrosion, <br />the sticking of pumps, injectors <br />and deposits in cylinders and <br />turbochargers. <br />Micro-Carbon Residue <br />The Micro-Carbon Residue con- <br />tent reflects the tendency for <br />incomplete combustion and the <br />formation of carbonaceous depos- <br />its. When burning a high carbon <br />residue fuel it is important to <br />avoid engine conditions which <br />tend to increase deposit forma- <br />tion. Some engines are more <br />prone to problems when burning <br />a high MCR fuel. <br />Density essential for accurate rueight calculation <br />icro carbon residue <br />ulphur - <br />~ t 7 4~ <br />odium ~ ~,~~ta'~~, ~~ , <br />~~ ~ <br />~fi a ' `~ ,~xlx> ~ :~s~ <br />Viscosity neccesary to determine correct <br />pre-heating temperature <br />Ticrbocharger fouling from <br />sea-ruater contamination <br />