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2. SUPPLY MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES <br /> a. Universal Metering: <br /> All public water supply utilities should master meter their water source. In <br /> addition, all users, including the utility itself, should be metered. A regularly <br /> scheduled maintenance program of meter repair and replacement also needs to <br /> be established to ensure that proper metering is taking place. <br /> Metering and meter repair and replacement, can be used in conjunction with <br /> other programs such as leak detection and repair and, thereby, save significant <br /> quantities of water. Nearly all sales in the various entities are metered. Currently, <br /> all cities have some form of regular meter repair and replacement program. All <br /> production meters for each city are tested yearly. <br /> b. Leak Detection and Repair: <br /> A continuous leak detection, location, and repair program can be an important <br /> part of a water conservation plan. Utility employees for the La Porte Area Water <br /> Authority periodically check for leaks when reading meters and while performing <br /> regular maintenance. Major leaks are usually quickly detected by either city <br /> employees or customers and are repaired immediately. Soil in the area is <br /> generally clay and, therefore, leaks show up at the ground surface quite readily. <br /> Leak detection technology is also available in the form of electronic sonic devices. <br /> C. Recycling and Reuse: <br /> A city or utility should evaluate the potential of recycling and reuse because these <br /> methods may be used to increase water supplies in the utility's service area. <br /> Reuse can be especially important where the use of treated effluent from an <br /> industry or a municipal system or agricultural return flows replace an existing use <br /> that currently requires fresh water from a city's or utility's supply. Recycling of in- <br /> plant process or cooling water can reduce the amount of fresh water required by <br /> many industrial operations. Currently, La Porte has a water reuse program. <br /> Because of its size and daily flows, the reuse of treated effluent for processed <br /> water has proven quite economical for the City of La Porte, with an estimated <br /> three million gallons per month being used for this purpose. The City of La <br /> Porte's Municipal Golf Course along with one of the City parks, Little Cedar <br /> Bayou, are irrigated with plant effluent. This resulted in a savings of <br /> approximately 60,000,000 gallons of potable water in 2005. <br /> 7 <br />