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the option of procuring aprogram-specific audit <br />in place of a Single Audit. In practice, it typically <br />is more cost-effective to perform an entity-wide <br />audit. <br />I~ow do Yellow Book audits differ <br />from regular financial statement <br />audits? <br />The most visible difference between Yellow Book <br />audits and financial statement audits performed <br />solely in conformity with GARS is the auditor's <br />expanded reporting responsibility in a Yellow <br />Book audit. Under GAAS, the auditor prepares <br />only one auditor's report, which expresses an <br />opinion (or declines to express an opinion) on the <br />fair presentation of the financial statements. Un- <br />der the Yellow Book standards, this auditor's re- <br />port on the fair presentation of the financial <br />statements is supplemented by an additional re- <br />port on compliance and internal controls over fi- <br />nancial reporting. Both of these reports are <br />discussed in more detail in the portion of this <br />booklet devoted to auditor's reports. <br />Other differences between the Yellow Book and <br />GAAS are less visible. The Yellow Book stan- <br />dards of field work and reporting incorporate <br />and expand upon those set by GAAS. Just as im- <br />portant, the general standards of the Yellow <br />Book (including the critically important standard <br />on independence) replace those of GAAS alto- <br />gether in a Yellow Book audit. <br />26 AN ELECTED OFFICIAL'S GUIDE TO AUDITING <br />23 <br />