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FINANCI <br />ST~47'EMENZ' ~1II~ITS <br />What is a "management letter"? <br />Auditors are required to communicate all report- <br />able conditions discovered in the course of a fi- <br />nancial statement audit to management. In a <br />GARS audit, this communication is accomplished <br />by means of a formal management letter. In con- <br />trast, in a Yellow Book audit (including a Single <br />Audit), this communication takes the form of one <br />or two separate auditor's reports on compliance <br />and internal controls and an accompanying <br />Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs. <br />In some circumstances, an auditor may wish to <br />issue a management letter even in conjunction <br />with a Yellow Book audit. In that case, the man- <br />agement letter normally is restricted to items <br />considered too immaterial for inclusion in the <br />Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs.4 <br />Whenever a separate management letter is is- <br />sued, the Yellow Book requires that the auditor's <br />report on compliance and internal controls refer <br />to that letter. <br />It is important to distinguish the management <br />letter, as just described, from the management <br />representation letter, which was described ear- <br />lier. <br />4A management letter also may contain recommendations for <br />improving operations targeted at management. <br />What is a financial statement <br />audit? <br />The goal of the annual financial statement audit <br />is to assure users of a government's financial <br />statements that those statements are fairly <br />presented. In most cases, the fairness of the <br />presentation of a set of financial statements is <br />determined using a set of criteria known as gen- <br />erally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). <br />The most important source of GAAP for state <br />and local governments is the Governmental Ac- <br />counting Standards Board (GASB). Much of gov- <br />ernmental GAAP can be found in the GASB <br />publication Codification of Governmental Ac- <br />counting and Financial Reporting Standards, <br />which is updated annually. <br />4O AN ELECTED OFFICIAL'S GUIDE TO AUDITING 9 <br />