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Industry PREVENTS Accidents by <br />E <br />ilityexpansion <br />modification <br />i <br />• Design/construction standards <br />• Back-up control systems <br />• Initial hazard review <br />• Multiple layers of safety systems <br />• Automatic isolation valves <br />WORKERSTRAINING <br />• Employeelcontractor training programs <br />• Certification and competency testing <br />SAFELY STARTING -UP AND <br />RESTARTING PLANTS <br />• Pre -startup safety reviews on new and <br />modified equipment <br />• Fitness for duty - alcohol and <br />substance abuse policies <br />• Detailed operating procedures <br />• Safe process operating limits <br />• Systems to manage change <br />• Periodic updates of hazard reviews <br />• Investigation of incidents and near misses <br />• Periodic safety audit / follow-up programs <br />• Independent audits <br />Industry prevents <br />accidents at each stage <br />of a plant's life cycle <br />from the up -front <br />design and <br />construction stage <br />through start-up, <br />operation, and <br />maintenance, to any <br />expansion or <br />modification. Through <br />"layers of protection," <br />plants use multiple <br />safeguards to promote <br />accident prevention. <br />Z <br />• National inspection standards <br />• Preventive maintenance systems <br />• Safe work permits <br />• Contractor safety program <br />ONGOING <br />• Periodic refresher training <br />• Drills on process emergency procedures <br />4 <br />