Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout08-09-04 Chapter 172 Employee Retiree Insurance and Benefits Board Meeting Chapter 172 Employee Retiree Insurance and Benefits Board Meeting Minutes 08/09/2004 The Chapter 172 Employee Retiree Insurance and Benefits Board meeting was called to order at 5 :05 p.m. Attendance: Sherri Sampson, Clark Askins, Michael Dolby, Patricia Rothermel Sherri Sampson welcomed Board members. Kim Meismer to sign training form. Trust Document must be developed - assigned to Clark. Health Plan Contribution schedules - Sherri Sampson provided group with an updated proposed employee Contribution scheduled. Group discussed accepting this proposal. Board voted and approved 4/0 in favor. Retiree Contributions - Sherri Sampson made requested changes from previous meeting and Board approved revised schedule. Board accepts the 80 point factor, 20 minimum tenure in eligibility, effective 01/01/2006. Board voted 4/0 in favor of accepting revised schedule and new eligibility factors. Retiree Ordinance Changes - Presenter/Michael Dolby - Group reviewed past discussion on Retiree ability to work for a new employer and maintain City of La Porte coverage. After 30 years of service, the Retiree may continue with the City of La Porte health benefit regardless of employment with new employer. Any employee retiring with less than 30 years of service may not continue Retiree Health benefit with City of La Porte if re-employed by self or other business. Board voted and approved 4/0. Retiree Ordinance - Sherri Sampson shared Current Retiree Ordinance with Board members so that Board could consider changes from current ordinance. Group discussed Disability exception and agreed to raise minimum tenure to 10 years from 5. Board voted 4/0 in favor. Retiree Ordinance - Sherri Sampson - Previous Ordinance provisions compared to new proposal. Board voted in favor 4/0 for adopting new provisions. Meeting adjourned at 6:15 p.m. (]) (]) ,g,g ......... ......... o 0 a'g (]) (]) '"1 ~ ~M- s: ~ ~ ::+. (JQP-' ~ ~ ...... (]) go~ ......... (]) ~ S en '0 ~o pj'-< ~ ~ VJ' ~G- f:;'-< en ()?O P-'(]) pj 0-. ~ '"1 (Jq (]) (]) (]) en 0 '"1 0- S' ~ o (]) "'O?OO(])?OQ o (]) 0 S (]) '"1 ::t 0-. a '0 0-. 0 (]) '"1 '"1 ......... '"1 ~ P-'~pj~~~ ~tj(Jq.(])(])pj(]) Si:' ~ '"1 cr' < P-',-< >~ 2(0' cr'o::po-~~ (]) 0 (]) tj (]) ~~'"1>=100- ~ g. VJ ~. -d ~ ::+~oa<:;'" (;l (]) a ~. ~ ;!:.. (JQ~pj~~8: f:; ::+. ~ () 8' en 0- P-' 0 ::+. '"1 g (D M- >-+, '-< pj en en P-' en 0 ~ ~. en(])(])>-+,(])o O()::1r~~ >-+, ::+. (]) pj 0 '-< M-"'O ~ o P-' 0 >-+'(])::t r (]) pj o ?O o (]) a c. '"1 '"1 &~ ~ M- ...... o ~ en ~ ...... o P-' pj (]) ......... o o cr: '-< (])pjlpjpj~7 i;lo~::go~ (])M-pj~tj 0000>=1C/) 0-. ~'"1 g" < '0 pj < Np..(])(;lS (]) 0 0-<'0 t:: S tJ:j (;l o' en - O<:~O 23 S' pj ...... en ~ O\gra~ss ~pjo-(])pj tjoen(])o- >=1 0 OM-(]) M- (]) P-' S' '"1 g~8.-(TQ2 ~~S~~ (]) P-' (]) 0- en (]) I.......CD ~. ~ C/) 0' 0- (]) pj 0 :=-:'O(])a~ Ci3.o ..... cr' ...... ..... ...... ~ (JQ ~~ (1) M- en :< ?;:i (]) en o <" (]) 0- tJ:j o f:; 0- <: o M- (]) 0- ~ 0- ,g '0 '"1 o < (]) 0- .j::>. ---- o pjl'"1tJ:j o ~ 0 o (Ii' f:; '"1 (]) 0- en 0- <: ~ ~ P-'(]) (]) 0- 8":!:: (DO ~ S' o-pjl ~ <: (]) 0 ~ '"1 o g..>-+, cJQ' ~ &0 ~,g ...... M- ~ S' (JQ C/) P-' (]) S. C/) S '0 en o ~ ?;:i (]) en o <" (]) 0- ~::stJ:j g" ~ g 0- S' ~ () (]) ......... 0 en ~ & ~ &""'"' ~ ~ M- (]) ...... pj o ......... ~ go ~.g ~ p-'o-en 8.-aC/) ~ (]) pj (Do-S 0- '0 '0 '"1 en o 0 'g ~ en '0 (]) '"1 0-0 (]) ;::. S 0- "2.8.- O(JQ '-< '"1 (]) 0 (]) ~ ()'O o ~ ~ ...... M- M- ::J. P-' cr'pj ~ ~ M- ...... o ~ .j::>.'O ____ '"1 00 ...... '0 ~ 0 pjl~ <: ~ o ;t CJ '"1 o ~ '0 0- ...... en tJ:j0 o g f:; ~ 0-0- < pj o 0 M- 0 (]) (]) 0- '0 PJ o. ~ ~ O-(JQ pj go '0 ...... '0 en '"1 o < (]) 0- C/) P-' (]) S. C/) S '0 en o ~ ?O (]) en o <" (]) 0- .. ~f-3~ ~. 2 E3" ~;!:..~ 8.-o(]) o ...... rl- 0 en o g S ()>=1(]) ......... (]) '"1 pj ~ M- *M-O > S ~. en ~ (JQ ~;!:..~ ...... cr' M- ~ (]) ~. . 0- ~ ~ S. (])(JQ .........'Tj o 0 18 I ?O ~ ~ o 0- (]) ~ (]) (]) f"""'t- ~ l"""+- S' S' (]) (JQ tJ:j 0 ~ pj en ::::: S' (]) (]) 0- en M- en 0 C/) C/) P-' P-' (]) (]) s. s. C/) C/) s S '0 '0 en en o 0 ~ ~ tJ:j o f:; 0- S (]) S cr' (]) '"1 en ~ (]) o o S (]) p.. "'0 (]) ~ 0- S' (JQ ?O (]) en o <" (]) 0- ~ o '"'C ~~~Q9 ~ (]) S ,g ...... ~ tj M- ~ 0- >=1 (]) (JQ~~''"1 C/)en(])- M- (])-..) ?-o~~ f:; s' 0 V\~gf:; ~>~o- ~ I 8., tn S' 22 f-3 ~ en 0 '"1 o-~ \O~ "~t0;!:.. 0\ ...... 0 ~ _00 V\~.j:::. g.. '"'C ~ rJl ~ 'Z ~ ~ ~ o i-I rJl ('j C rJl rJl i-I o 'Z o o cr: :< C/) ::r' (]) S. C/) S '0 en o ? "'0 a ?;:i o & (]) 8 g.. ~ rJl o ~ -< ~ o '"'C ~ 'Z o i-I 'Z C1 r~ f h r-. ( '-+>-0 o >-! ~ ~ ('[) ...... ~ 0 "d ;;; >-! o 0 "d >-! o P- P5 S' """"P' CZl~ ('[) ('[) ('[)"d ~(3 1t :5. (') en ~...... ('[) 0 p..~ (') o S "d 2; ('[) P- ?0 ~ .::----... ~ r-. ~ ~ tJj ('[) 0 ~ 2; "d P- (3 -<: :5. S. en ('[) O' P- ~ ...... en ~ pj> -<: o >-! +:>. ---- o .8> >-! P' P- O 'd .-+ S' (JQ i:O ('[) .-+ ...... >-! ('[) ('[) o >-! e-: ~ ~ (') ('[) ~ ('[) .-+ _. >-! ('[) ('[) o >-! P- S' ~ (') ('[) CZl ~ ('[) S. CZl P' ~ en o ~ CZl ~ ('[) ~ _. CZl 8 "d C/) o ~ 8. 9 B ~ Sf ~ S. P5 ~ 2; 9: en ssr.gp-~~ :=~'-+(')~s S~S;~(')"d .-+~P-t::...('[)en ('[) ~ S' P- ~ 0 ~ (') P' (') ~. ~ :=(,[)~O~en (i1~g~tJjg- .-+ 0" _. 0 >-! ~~Q~2;8.. oEo(')P-n <..< P..,.E ~ S := ('[) v P' >-! P'P'p..::i('[)>-! ~ ~ -.aq 2.. ~ ('[) C/) ('[) v ~ 8'8..Ben~~ t:j.-+g;~en('[) p 0 ('[) 0 C/) ~. Vl>-!p..SO(i1 P' .-+ ('[) _. ~ ~ ~ i:O ('[) en o <' ('[) P- ~ ('[) en o <' ('[) p.. tJj o 2; p.. -<: o .-+ ('[) p.. +:>. ---- o S' pj> -<: o ;; (i1 ~ 0 I ('[) H:l g P" ~ .s s: ~ 0' r:::r o' '-< ('[) ('[) ('[) ~ t:j p..('[)p r:::r t:t< P' <..< .-+ '-<: ~ ~ ~ ~. s. ::;; ~ (') o no '"'l ~'g o <..< ...... ~ 0 ~ ::r' H:l := ~ r ('[) ;P'~ = '1j C. tIl 0 >-! ...... ::+ ('[) ;; ('[) ('[) tIl ...... tIl H:l -H 0' 911 :x> I :Jj :J! Cl rol -~ Tli CI :JI oj 3" ~ co I o I I ! i j I I , I i {AI 8 ~I cJ. .... -ml 01 m 3 "9- o '< CD CD -- m 3 '"0 o '< CD .., , I {Ai ~ il ~ o _-l::>! 0' ~! I w {AI o -....II ~ ~I 01 CD, I 1 , i I I H ! ! L....4 ! ! I {Ai I\) CO --J CJl I ~I CD' wi -..,.: CJlI --JI I I i I I i ! 1-. j' ld i- ,OJ 1- ,::;: 10 i~ 12: i'< I~ I:J 10.. I:J ,co I I , I I -Y) I\) -'" CD CJl CJl -'" {A -'" CJl -l::> 01 o o -Y) 0) CJl o CJl -'" -Y) I\) w CD I\) CD -Y) ..j:>. -'" -'" I\) -'" W 0) o I: .' i'-- ! l' im!mlmlm 13131313 ,"9-1"9- 1'0 1"9- 10101010 1'< 1'< ,,< ,'< lCDICDICDICD !CDICDiCDICD !OJIOJiRoIO j::J 1::J i ! 1000lo..lCf),:J 111101'"0 '< I OJ':T' 0 l~ 1_.le :::J I _I en i=!,Q-ICD 1'< I CD I ' :J I ii, Iii , I I ! t I ) I i I I I IW -'"1-" W ,->. Wow W I I I I I I I I ' ! I I I -Y)I-Y)I-Y)/-Y) :::j1~1:1,g:, SJ1li~.!'V1 ~l --J -'"ICDIW O)()l->. I I I I ','" -Y) I,' -Y) ,I -Y) I-Y) I 1..j:>.1..j:>...j:>.I-l::> 1 I\)! 1\); 1\), I\) ~ ~I~I~I l~ ~'~l~i , I' I I I , I I ! -Y)I-Y)I, -Y)I-Y)I' WII\) 1'01->' ..j:>.II\)ICXl,1\) 101VJICJl! , l(ol.~ :......1 ,CD CDI..j:>.1 I I I I I i I I I I I I I~ -Y)I~I I 1~101~1~1 '0) 0) 010 I--Ji-....l 0'0, I I I I I II' -Y)I-Y)! -Y)I-Y)I I\) ->'1-"1->'1 , W, W I' ""', I\) I' '~I~ ~1SJ1 lft5i~I~ltl ! i I I I I I I I ' l-Y)I-Y)l-Y)I I 1-'"1 "'-'I-"I-Y)I i01IOVJICJl, ICDINIOI-....lI 15iigi~I~1 H".~ ~l ,! ~ ..... I ;l! .... "'1 ," . '" olimlmimjm 0 I I 131313,3 I Ytl 1"'0 1'"0 1"'0 1"'0 Yt . ,-,-,-(- CJ1 ~I 10101010 0 o i. j''< 1'< ,'< ,'< 0 CD ,CD dTl iCD 01 lCDICDICTliCD 0 CD! 'OJ IOJ !Qo10 CD 0..1 l:Ji:J! I 0.. t:1 1000lo..l(J)I2.t: "" ~ I i i"'O ~'< ~I ITlIOlol ~ . 'OJ!:TI I -. C" ' ~ ' -. , C I C" ~ I I~ I ~ I ~ I CD j I I:J! ! ia> I i Jm 13 1'"0 I~ ICD IOJ i:J io.. i !11 lQ) 12. 1-<" I :JiRoJO!' 0.. ,j (/)I :J ,~ 01"8 i'< 10, ~lc i ;0 0::1 en I 10 .., ICD I 10 CD.. I i CD :J: . 10.. it: in l~ 10- i' i lmimim ml< i~i~!~ ~iCD ~:Jt:Jl:J :Ji-' i"'O :"'0 1"'0 "'0 1 Ql ! -I - i - - i(C 'OiO:O O'CD 1,< i'< i,< '<; lCD1CD!CD CDI.... ICDiCDICD CDI ~ !OJ1OJ'RoOI, i:J I:J I i '''''':''''''(J) :J,Yt ,.....,.....! -,.... i i 1"'0 '< i- il11010 ,0 ,OJ !:Tie iO 1~!=I'en 10 i ~ '0.. , l=i..,CD 10 l'< ICD I ICD I j:Jj 10.. I i H= !a Ie: 1- ICD ! I I I I t CD l~ colco ~l I I I I ! I I Iii i I I I I I -Y)l-Y)!-Y)-Y)! O)ICJl!CJlI~l ~i i:5! ~I, ~!, Coi~ miNI 0)1 0,..j:>.1 a! I I I I I I -Y),-Y)j-Y)I-Y)! ..j:>.l-l::> ..j:>.!..j:>.! ~11~~i~1 :.......:....,.1:......1:...... -....I' --J i I -Y)-Y)i-Y)I I -'"I->.l-Y)l o CJl11'01 ~1~1161 -l::>-....I..j:>. it: : Ii I -Y)I~I I colol-Y)! ~!~I~! O)'oiol --J 0101 , I I i I -Y)'j-Y)I,-Y)i -'" -l::>11\)1 -l::>lcoiwl ~!~I~i i j 1 I I [ I -Y)I-Y):-Y)i ..j:>.1-....I1->.1 ~l~i~1 --J I w, pO)_:; Ii ~-~ ! I 0111\) 1'011'0 CO!-l::> Wil\) I I I I! I i I , I )~I~ 0)1""'1 VI I i I' , /' I" I 0)0)010 --J -....I 0,0: I 'I I I,,^ IL"" ! ~"Q7 '-o;,;;;r;r~ i 1-'" ff71-,"1-Y)1 jO) co N',--JI i~ ~1~i~'1 10) -l::>1-....Iil\) ,01 co,-l::>jwl I I I I I-Y) !-Y)j I ! -'" {AI-'"I-Y)! IW -....I'O'W: I'::' :---J'I~i,',~i W -'" ---.jICJlI 10 -l::>,w!-....II (J) C 0" en ""'(J co d 3 _ C OJ 3 Qm ~ 3 :::l. "'0 0" - C 0 -'< o ~ :J o o m ~ 3 :::l, "'0 0"0 S,,< o CD :J CD en Qm ~ 3 0 :::l. "'0 ~ 0" 0 CO C '< :J - CD - g CD o :T OJ :J co CD o :T""'(J CD CD () .., ^ ! I ---! I i ~ I ""'(J .., o '"0 o en CD 0.. ""'(J .., CD 3 e 3 en OJ :J 0.. o o :J - :::l. 0" e .-+ o :J en .....0 (l) "'0 (l) ::::J 0- (l) ::::J .-+ ::u D) .-+ (l) C/) ::u D) .-+ (l) "'C C/) "'C o 01 o o "'C "'C o w o o )>)>)> ...... ...... ...... rrr-< CD CD CD CD 0) 0) 0) 0) ~~~(jj N..... 0 0c.J10-" (j) CD ...., ~. o CD C) c: Xl~ ~(l) ...., ::::J ~ .-+ oc) ~~ .-+ Nc.J1 o c.J1 c.J1 '2f2."#.~ QQQ ~~~ 000 000 ~~~ ...., ...., ...., rrrrrr + + + 000 CD CD CD -0 -0 -0 -0-0-0 ...., ...., ...., CD CD CD 333 -" -. -. C C C 333 ;!;:~;!;:~;!;:;!;:;!;:~;!;:;!;:~~Q rrrrrrrrrrr,<~-< CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ~ ~ ~ r-+.......r-+r-+r-+.-...-+r-+.....................cn 2:5t!5~~~~~t:n3~~~ ~~ ro 00 co co co co co co 03 00 en ~ ~. ~ oooooooooooen1]~ -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0-0 en~. cnurwu;-ctururururcnct ro(") ----------- <co ('). CD ...... ..... N N WW .j:>. .j:>. c.J1 c.J1 0) 0) 0CJ10CJ10c.J10c.J10c.J100 cf2.cf2.'#.?f2.?f2.cf2.cf2.cf2.cf?cf!.cf??f2 000000000000 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 000000000000 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 en en en en en en en en en en en en r-+.....................r-+r-+......................,......r-+....... + + + + + + + + + + + + 000000000000 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 . . . . . . . . . . . . CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CJ) o :::r (l) 0- c: (l) ""C """l o "'0 o XlC/) ~(l) CD 0- CD c) ~O ~C/) .-+ CJ) o :::r (l) 0- c: (l) - ...J. - ...J. - o 01 -- ~~~~o~ c) 0.~0)'<'< 0 c: ('). CD 0" ::J ~ ~. """l o)CD=:o....,;B"""l CD:E-<......~ (l) CD ;::;: Xl :E -. Xl ::::J =:::YCD ~ ~.~.-+ <D < ~ ;>;'" 3 :::;. "T'1 ~)>CDocCD~ CD0"3....,33~ I CDCDO)..,~ ::J ::J ::J CD ...... """l (j)~:::;-s.::J)>(l) CD;::;:CD:::YC::J(l) 8en..nCD""'::J ::J:::lc....,CDcm o.::;):::;.CD;:o;::;:- 0) 0) CD 3 CD co. -. -.<'<en-o..nenc.a 8 c.J1 0 :=. C -. ::J<,<,<""'::JO" en CD CD CD CD 0. -. C"",0)""'3CD= ""',,""'O)CD""''-+ ~O)en::J::J..,'< 03coO'......~ CD=::J;>;'" r ,<cCD - o ""'CD CD c) ::J -0 '<0 Xl c: o CD """l en~ Cti ~CD ::::J c.J1 CD .-+ ~I ...... ..::...CD ....- 0) -..J ~ ~ OJ CD ::J CD -., ;::;: ::u (l) .-+ """l (l) (l) :r: (l) D) .-+ :::r ""C """l o "'0 o C/) D) -0 Xl ~ Xl 0 ~ ~ ;:0 ""C ...., CD CD CD Cij. 0) CD o. ~ 0. ~ 0) '< -< 0 o"""l ...., CD ('). CD 0" CD~. oCDmco=~a>C6""C XlenCD:E-<~'" 0 ~::JCD;::;:Xl;>;'"?;:OC/) ....,S.=:::yCDo::J~(l) CD CD <g. < ~ ...., 3. ~. 0- 3tO'g:)>CDO)C CD -. CD 0" 3 ::J 3 3 "T'1 ::JO",CDCDO CD~ ......(j)(j)::J::Js:..,~(l) :::l-., CD......CDCD .-+ ::;) 0 CD -., ....,::J)>-. ~""'81t~CDC::J~ ..n::J :::l....,::J.., 0) C 0. 3 :=. ::;) CD C (l) 0. 0) ...., -0 ..,., -. 0. _0) 0) CD o,^,c:!: m en~-.<'<en'<21] -0 -. - 0 ..... CD C _. o ::J ::J 0 0 .., -. C c.a c<Den< O)""'::J c CD '< ::J CD 0. -. ~ ~ ro =;,~ 0.3 CD 0" CD CD::JO)""';>;'"CD"'" = 3 ~o3enCD~..,;+ -0 en CD =coCD:E ~'< '<::J-o;::;:r ~ o~I:::Y o ::JCDCDOO -. '< 0) 0 -? gglJ 0) en al Q. o ...... CD ::J ::::!': -......I~r-+ < c.J1CDIl CD ~::!>O) o ~........o ::J 0 ~. 0 ""Q.. ....., .- """1 OJ 0 :::y ::J 0 W 0) ~o en en'< 0. g.~ CD CD ...... -0 o.~ ~ C C 0. (j) CD CD ~ - ...J. - ...J. - o en -- EXEIBIT <(A" CITY OF LAPORTE RETIREE :rv.rRDICAL COV~R.AGE Retiree medical coverage ou-clined below shall have an effective date of May 22,2000. ELIGIBILITY Medical Plan shall be changed as follows: You- may also participate in this plan if you are a retiree of the City of La Porte receiving retirement annuities as a qualified annuitant under the Texas Municipal Retirement System, have completed at least ten (10) years of service with La Porte and currently employed by the City at the time of retirement, and do not work for another employer after retiring from the City. Disa.bility retirement requires at least five (5) years of service. Tne retiree and retiree dependent coverage will be primary for those participants not yet qualified for Medicare. The coverage will be secondary for those retirees and retirees' dependents who are Medicare eligible. Retiree paid premiums shall be reduced by 50% at the time the retiree becomes Medicare eligible. If a covered retiree dies, dependents may continue coverage until the earliest of ,the date the surviving spouse remarries, obtains group msurante, or becomes entitled to Medicare. Surviving dependents shall pay the same dependent coverage rate that they paid, prior to death. For those retirees who are actively employed and have employer sponsored health care coverage available through their employer, the retiree :health benefit through the City shall cease. For those retirees who are self-employed, occupational illnesses or injuries shall not be covered. Employees retiring from the City, and wh.b work for another employer offering health care coverage, shall not be eligible for retiree health coverage from the City after their subsequent employment ends, regardless of the length of service with the subsequent employer. Employees retiring from the City who delay their retirement annuity shall not be eligible for retiree health coverage from the City. Employees who retire with veteran benefits from the federal government, and, otherwise meet the requirements for retiree coverage with the City, may waive their coverage with the City and choose tei cover their dependent only. The cost for this dependent coverage shall be the same as the active employee rate. PREMIDMS The City of La Porte utilizes a self-funded medical plan so there are no formal premiums paid for health insurance. Each year, duriIig the budget process, an amount is determined for each employee to cover claims and administration of the medical fund. Cost to the retiree shall be based on a two-tier plan: Tier 1 The percentage paid by the retiree shall be based on the budgeted amount discussed in paragraph one of this section. Years of Service with La Porte Retiree Cost City Cost At least 10 but less than 15 At least 15 but less than 20 At least 20 55% 25% 0% 45% 75% 100% Dependent coverage shall be charged at the active employee rate for dependents. Tier 2 Any employee meeting the eligibility requirements for disability retirement under the Texas Municipal Retirement System Act shall be eligible for medical benefits, provided they have worked for the City of La Porte for five (5) continuous years. Costs associated with retirement under this tier shall be the same as Tier l,with the addition of: At least 5 but less than 10, retiree cost shall be 75%. Dependent coverage shall be charged at the active employee rate for dependents. · Eligible dependents include: your lawful spouse who is legally married to 3....11d living with you; natural children; stepchildren; children who, before reaching the age of 18 are either adopted by you or placed in your home for adoption; or other children for whom. you have care, custody and control under court decree. A dependent child must be unmarried 3....T1d rely on you for primary support imd maintenance. Dependent children remain eligible until age 19, or until age 25 if enrolled as a full-time student in a imiversity, college, vocational or secondary school. A dependent child under the age 25 who has graduated from a university, college, vocational or secondary school but has not become gainfully employed will be covered for an additional 2 months from graduation. ' 2