HomeMy WebLinkAbout02-01-10 Regular Meeting of the La Porte Development Corporation Board of Directors minutes
MINUTES OF THE SPECIAL CALLED REGULAR MEETING OF THE
LA PORTE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
February 1, 2010
1. Call to order
President Pat Muston called the La Porte Development Corporation Board meeting to order at 5:00 p.m.
Members Present: Muston, Woodard, Pizzitola, Moser, Clausen and Engelken
Members/Officers Absent: Warren
Staff Present: City Manager Ron Bottoms, Assistant City Attorney Clark Askins, City Secretary Martha Gillett
and Main Street/Economic Development Coordinator Stacey Osborne.
Others Present: Leonard Zlomke, Bob Payne of BAHEP, Paul Chavez of BAHEP, Dan Seal of BAHEP and
Ted Powell.
2. Consider approval or other action of the January 11, 2010 minutes of the Regular Meeting of the La Porte
Development Corporation Board of Directors - M. Gillett
A motion was made by Board Member Clausen to approve the January 11, 2010 minutes of the Regular
Meeting of the La Porte Development Corporation Board of Directors. Motion was seconded by Board
Member Engelken. The motion carried.
Ayes: Muston, Woodard, Pizzitola Moser, Clausen and Engelken
Nays: None
Abstain: None
Absent: Warren
3. Consider approval of a contract between the City of La Porte and the Bay Area Houston Economic
Partnership - S. Osborne
The Development Corporation Board of Directors discussed a contract between the City of La Porte and the
Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership. Dan Seal of BAHEP provided the board with an overview of
companies that had worked with them in the area and in the City of La Porte. In addition he answered board
questions. The board requested regular reports and updates from BAHEP. It was suggested they come to
quarterly meetings and make a presentation to the board.
A motion was made by Board Member Clausen approve a contract between the City of La Porte and the Bay
Area Houston Economic Partnership. The motion was seconded by Board Member Woodard. The motion
carried.
Ayes: Muston, Woodard, Pizzitola, Moser, Clausen, and Engelken
Nays: None
Abstain: None
Absent: Warren
4. Discuss the possibility of donating funds to support the rebuilding efforts of Battleship Texas.
The Development Corporation Board of Directors discussed the possibility of donating funds to support the
rebuilding efforts of the Battleship Texas. Staff will bring back information on funds already donated by other
organizations and what is still needed. Also, some board members noted concerns with the Battleship not
being located inside the City of La Porte corporate limits.
5. Receive updates from city staff on following Projects - S. Osborne
Economic Development /Main Street Coordinator reported on the following projects:
o TEDC
o Town Plaza
o Sylvan Beach Shoreline Project
o 912 West Main/Gateway
o Main Street Activities
Stacy Osborne informed the Town Plaza Grand Opening and Ribbon Cutting Ceremony will not be held on
February 4th due to weather concerns. The new date has not been set yet.
Stacey Osborne provided the board with the following updates:
TEDC - Ms. Osborne gave the board an update on the recent conference she attended.
Town Plaza - the board was informed the Town Plaza Grand Opening and Ribbon Cutting Ceremony will not
be held on February 4th due to weather concerns. The new date has not been set yet. There are plans for
future events at the Town Plaza including concerts, Motorhead Mania, MarketlTrade Days, etc.
Sylvan Beach Shoreline Project - the board was informed this project is almost completed and Stephen Barr
is working on the punch list.
912 West Main/Gateway - the board was informed City Council approved this project and it will be moving
forward.
Main Street Activities - the board was informed that Ms. Osborne is still working with the businesses on Main
Street. The next Morning Brew will be held on February 17, 2010.
6. Executive Session - pursuant to provision of the Open Meetings Law. Chapter 551 Texas Government Code,
Sections 551-071 through 551.076, 551.087 (consultation with attorney, deliberation regarding real property,
deliberation regarding prospective gift or donation, personnel matters, deliberation regarding security
devices, or excluding a witness during examination of another witness in an investigation, deliberation
regarding Economic Development Negotiations).
There was no Executive Session.
7. Board Member Comments
A. Matter appearing on agenda
B. Inquiry of staff requiring a statement of specific factual information or a recitation of existing policy.
8. Adjournment
There being no further business to discuss, the La Porte Development Corporation Board of Directors
adjourned the Regular Meeting at 5:55 p.m.
Respectfully submitt~g,. . ~~
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Martha Gillett
City Secretary TRMC
~~ed a approved on this pi day of tttlA-d..- 2010.
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BATTLESHIP TEXAS FOUNDATION
WHITE PAPER
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), Dry-berth Project Rationale and Ship's History
September 5,2008
Updated: February 5, 2010
Introduction -
The Battleship Texas is owned by the State of Texas and, through Legislation, is
administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). The Battleship
Texas Foundation (BTF) is the successor entity to the Battleship Texas Commission,
created by the Legislature in 1947 to raise funds to move the Texas and to manage her
restoration and public display. The Texas Legislature delegated the administrative
responsibility for the ship to TPWD in 1983.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)-
Q1. Why is the Battleship Texas at the San Jacinto Battleground in the first place?
AI. When the ship was offered to the State of Texas in 1947, Governor Buford
Jester appointed the Battleship Texas Commission to address all aspects ofthe
issue, including the ship's location and how to raise funds to pay for moving the
ship here. The Commission heard testimony from a wide range of interested
Texans including several descendants of General Sam Houston. They stated that
the San Jacinto Battleground site was the ideal location for the ship since, as an
icon ofthe State as well as the State's namesake, she would be a constant
reminder that, although Texans won their freedom from Mexico at the Battle of
San Jacinto in 1836, freedom is never fully and finally won. Freedom is
preserved through constant technological innovation and by the sacrifices of
heroic individuals. Heroes are not limited to a specific time and place in our
State's past; they are also part of our more recent history, as embodied by the
Battleship Texas, as well as by those citizens of Texas who volunteer to serve in
our armed forces today. BTF is proud to celebrate all of our heroes, both past and
present, and to provide inspiration for our future heroes.
The state statute that created the San Jacinto Battleground Historical
Advisory Board, which advises TPWD on the presentation of the State Historical
Park, specifies that one board member shall represent the Battleship Texas
Foundation, implying clear legislative intent for the ship to be at the San Jacinto
Battleground.
Q2. Some have suggested that the ships would draw more visitors if she were moved
to a more "tourist-friendly" site. How do you respond?
A2. The expert consensus is that the most cost-effective plan is to dry-berth the
Texas at its current location. She can't be moved any significant distance and she
needs to be in a dry berth at the earliest possible time in order to preserve her.
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Any relocation to a new site (presumably also on the Houston Ship Channel)
means that land must be located and purchased and the new site dredged just to
get to the point where she is right now. It has been estimated that the purchase of
a new site, plus the cost of facilities at that site, plus the cost of dredging could
total in excess of $22 million. How many taxpayers want to spend an additional
$22 million just to place the ship at some new location on the Houston Ship
Channel?
Q3. How does the presence of the Battleship Texas at the San Jacinto Battleground
complement and enhance the State Historical Park?
A3. The Texas helps to draw visitors to the San Jacinto Battleground and
generate revenue for TPWD. TPWD uses this revenue to support the
maintenance of the entire State Historical Park. As directed by the state of Texas,
TPWD subsidizes visitors to the Park by charging a low admission price and by
offering free admission to children.
When the Texas was removed from San Jacinto in 1988-90 to be dry-
docked, overall Park attendance declined by over 40%. When the dry-docking
was completed and the ship was returned to her San Jacinto berth, overall Park
attendance increased dramatically. A 2005 economic study by TPWD concluded
that the San Jacinto Battleground - Battleship Texas State Historic Park has a
significant positive impact on Harris County. TPWD estimates that, on an annual
basis, the Park generates over $10 million is direct and indirect sales, generates
over $51,000 in sales tax revenue and creates over 120 jobs.
More recently, TPWD documents that attendance at the Battleship Texas
increased from 58,700 in FY 2006 to over 94,000 in FY 2008. This year, the
Battleship generated 57% of the total revenue (admissions and souvenir sales) at
the San Jacinto State Historical Park.
The Battleship and the Battleground complement each other and constitute
a mutual "draw." More visitors come to see both the Battleship and the
Battleground than come to see either one alone. Neither the Battleship alone, nor
the Monument/Museum alone are financially viable; together, they are a growing
source ofTPWD revenue.
Q4. Why do you believe the San Jacinto Battleground is the best place for the Texas?
A4. The Battleground and the Battleship represent a part of a historical
continuum that helps to tell the tale of Texas and its honored place in United
States history. It is a little-remembered fact but, in 1836, it was the action of the
fledgling Texas Navy that denied water transportation and re-supply to the
Mexican Army. This forced General Santa Anna to rely on extended overland
supply by wagon trains which were raided by Texians. He and his army were
near the end of their supplies when they were defeated on April 21, 1836 at the
Battle of San Jacinto.
In 1947, General Sam Houston's descendents lobbied the Texas
Legislature to place the Texas at the San Jacinto Battleground, believing that the
two, Battleground and Battleship, not only were complementary, but helped to
present a broader sweep of Texas' history than either one could alone.
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The Texas has been and continues to be an icon of our state. In 1947, no
one wanted to see our state's namesake ship suffer the inglorious fate that was
visited on so many of her "obsolete" sister ships. The USS New York (BB-34),
for example, was sunk by other U. S. Navy ships as a practice gunfire target in
1947. Many other ships that were deemed "obsolete" became targets for gunnery
or torpedo practice or were simply sunk to help form new reef systems. We
wanted better than that for our namesake vessel.
For over sixty-one years the Texas and the San Jacinto Battlefield have
been bound together in the public perception ofthe San Jacinto Battleground.
The Texas is the constant reminder of the technological innovation and the
heroism that is always needed to win freedom from tyranny.
Q5. What would be the advantages of having the Texas dry-berthed instead of being
relocated?
A5. That question indicates a misunderstanding of the issue. The issue is not:
dry-berth verses relocate. Mere relocation, even if possible, does not solve the
core problem. To be properly preserved, she must be removed from the water.
And relocation, without subsequent dry-berthing, only moves the problem; it
doesn't solve the problem. Any relocation ofthe ship is an additional cost to the
taxpayers of Texas. In November 2007, the voters of Texas approved $25 million
in bonds for the specific purpose of dry-berthing the Texas right where she is.
Relocation, beyond the two mile limit stated by the independent maritime
engineers, places her at grave risk of a hull breach and, possibly, sinking. None
of us want that. Dry-berthing the Texas where she has been for over sixty-one
years will allow her to be properly displayed for the first time since she was built.
Q6. What is the timeline for construction of a dry berth?
A6. The Legislative Budget Board (LBB) authorized the issuance ofthe $25
million in voter-approved bonds on March 16,2009. Public hearings related to
the issuance of the Bonds were conducted by the Texas Public Finance Authority
TPFA) (April 2, 2009) and the Texas Bond Review Board (TBRB) (May 12,
2009). The TBRB, by a letter of May 21,2009, directed that the Bonds be sold
and the proceeds from the sale be delivered to TPWD. It is helpful to note that
the LBB letter of March 16, 2009 specifically stated that the $25 million in Bond
financing was approved "contingent on the ship being dry berthed in its current
location." Many parties with an interest in the Texas, the Battleground, the
Monument, the Museum and the San Jacinto State Historic Park all placed their
views on record with the Texas Legislature and its various Senate and House
Committees, with the LBB, with the TPF A, and with the TBRB. After
considering all points of view, the government of the state of Texas (which owns
the ship) made a clear decision to fund the construction of a dry berth for the
Texas at San Jacinto.
The $25 million in Bonds were sold during the summer of2009. In
compliance with Rider 33, the BTF delivered $2 million to the TPWD in late
August 2009; the balance ofthe BTF's commitment to this project (an additional
$2 million) will be delivered to TPWD by August 31, 2010. TPWD started
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drawing on those Bond funds in August and September of 2009 to prepare a
Request for Qualifications (RFQ) to solicit proposals from qualified consultants
who will then help TPWD execute the dry berth project. Prospective bidders on
the RFQ met with key TPWD personnel in late September; bids were delivered to
TPWD in late October 2009. At this writing, TPWD is in the process of
negotiating a contract with the successful bidder for the design, engineering,
environmental review, and construction of the dry berth.
Starting from TPWD's formal presentation ofthe "Project Plant for the
Dry Berthing ofthe Battleship Texas" to the LBB in mid-July 2008, the clock has
been running. The Bonds have now been sold; the RFQ has been issued and bids
received; the contract should be in place before the end of March 2010.
Engineering work on dry-berth alternatives could be completed by late June 2010;
the environmental assessment and cultural clearances could be completed by July
2011; detailed engineering of the dry berth could be completed by Spring 2012;
and physical construction of the dry berth could begin in the Summer of 20 12
with completion in the Fall of2013. That schedule would place the Texas in a
permanent dry berth after the Centennial of her launching (May 18, 1912 - May
18,2012) and before the Centennial of her Commissioning (March 12, 1914-
March 12,2014).
Q7. In addition to the work on the Texas, what else is included in TPWD's "Master
Plan" for the San Jacinto Battleground?
A7. TPWD's plans include the design and construction ofa Visitors Center.
Five possible locations for the Visitors Center, all located on San Jacinto State
Historical State Park grounds, are in the process of being evaluated. Public
meetings, to secure comments about the five possible locations and the unique
designs for each location, have already been held. Additional meetings, also to
secure public comment, will take place in the near future.
The BTF favors locating the Visitors Center on the west side of
Independence Parkway South (formerly Battleground Road) and north of the
existing ship's berth. For those of you who are familiar with recent history in
East Harris County, the location we would prefer is the site of the old San Jacinto
Inn, which burned several years ago. In that location, the Visitors Center will be
located as far away as possible from any of the San Jacinto Battleground.
The Visitors Center will improve the historical interpretation of all aspects
of the San Jacinto State Historical Park, including the San Jacinto Battleground,
the San Jacinto Museum of History and the Battleship Texas within her new dry
berth. At this time, there is no location where a visitor can see how the Battle of
San Jacinto was waged. The Visitors Center will address this deficiency while
providing services needed for the entire Park (centralized ticketing, gift shop,
restrooms, etc.). In addition, the new Visitors Center will have classroom space,
where visiting students can learn about the Battleground, the Museum and the
Battleship as a comprehensive whole.
Q8. What plans does the Battleship Texas Foundation (BTF) intend to implement as
part of the dry-berth project?
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A8. BTF is raising private funds for the design and construction of facilities
that will complement the Visitors Center while assisting in presenting the world's
last dreadnought-type battleship. We plan to construct, in cooperation with
TPWD, a wharf adjacent to the ship on its north side. The north side ofthe
existing berth is the "spoil area" where the material from the original 1948
dredging was deposited. This location was selected specifically to minimize any
adverse impact on possible Battlefield artifacts.
The wharf would not be functional, of course, because the Texas will not
be in the water, but it will be outfitted to depict the ship in mid-World War II, in
the process of being resupplied before returning to action. The wharf will have a
building which will house amenities that will help tell the ship's history, will
provide exhibit space for the presentation of ship's artifacts, will incorporate
workshops where visitors can observe on-going ship's restoration projects, will
include several offices and climate-controlled storage for the photos, documents
and other Texas artifacts that are not being displayed. It is possible that the
building will include a multi-purpose facility which could take the form of a
briefing room, where visitors are "briefed" on an upcoming convoy escort mission
(like many the Texas supported in World War I) or a gunfire support mission in
support ofa World War II island invasion. The exhibit space will present a
photographic history of the ship, including the many famous personages who
walked her decks. The restoration shop will be a fully functional work space,
where members of First Texas Volunteers as well as members ofTPWD's
restoration staff, will be conducting the on-going restoration of the ship. The
entire wharf and amenities may be designed to look like 1940s-vintage
construction, but it will be a "green" building, with solar panels for electricity and
with a low-maintenance design.
An additional benefit of placing these new facilities on the north side of
the existing berth is that, once they are in place, the existing buildings on the
south side of the berth can be removed, along with two existing parking lots.
Removal of these structures and parking lots will allow the entire south side of the
berth to become part of a completely restored Texian Camp, a significant addition
to the history of the Battle of San Jacinto.
Dry-Berth Project Rationale -
The economic rationale for a dry berth is to avoid the cost of periodically placing
the Texas in drydock to repair and maintain the ship below the waterline. (The U. S.
Navy rehabilitates active-duty ships in drydock at least every 8-10 years.) The Texas was
last dry-docked in 1988-90 at a cost of over $15 million. During that time in drydock,
only 15-20% of her underwater hull plating was replaced. Rather than spend in excess of
$15 million (of Texas taxpayer money) every 15 or 20 years to patch the hull, TPWD
searched for a more cost-effective alternative. Starting in the mid-1990s, several "Master
Plans", both for the ship and for the Battleground, were proposed and discussed. More
information on the "Master Plan" is presented below.
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Since returning from the 1988-90 dry docking, the Texas has been back at the San
Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park, sitting in brackish water (not fresh water, but
lower salt content than sea water). Steel and water are not a good combination.
Independent maritime engineering surveys of the ship have been conducted from time to
time to assess the ship's condition. The most recent survey was completed in February
2008.
The inescapable fact is that the outer hull plating is now so thin that there is real
danger that the Texas could suffer a hull breach, take on water and sink if she had to be
towed. She has several active "seepage" -type leaks that are kept in check by monitored
submersible pumps. As recently as May 2008, she suffered a significant hull breach that
placed her in jeopardy of sinking. Trim Tank D-12 is a compartment directly below the
After Steering space and there is an active 4-5 gallon per hour "seepage" -type leak in that
compartment. Without warning, the leak rate increased to over 40 gallons per minute, in
excess of the capacity of the pump in the space. Fortunately, a team of divers were at the
ship that day conducting training. A diver was sent down, in scuba gear, to locate the
breach by feeling along the hull for the suction that identified the hole. As the diver was
feeling for the hole, her hand pushed through the paper-thin hull plating causing the water
influx to increase to an estimated 200 gallons per minute. Fortunately, the dive team
placed a temporary patch on the breach and additional portable pumps were brought in to
pump the water out.
This incident is only the most recent and the most dramatic of the problems below
the waterline. Maintenance and restoration efforts have focused on getting publically-
viewable spaces in condition to be seen by visitors. Maintenance and restoration funds
are always in short supply and, over the last sixty years, care and attention that should
have been focused on keeping the ship in a secure floating condition were, instead,
focused on publically-viewable spaces. The result is that, below the waterline,
particularly in the after half of the ship, the Texas is not watertight and her internal
bulkheads will not prevent her from sinking in the event of another maior hull breach.
Both the U. S. Coast Guard and officials at the Port of Houston have expressed
grave concern that any attempt to move the Texas might result in the ship sinking in the
Houston Ship Channel. Ifthat were to occur, the adverse economic impact to the
maritime traffic in the second-largest port in the United States could be disastrous.
There is not a dry dock in the Houston-Galveston area large enough to
accommodate the Texas. The dry dock used by the Texas in 1988-90 is no longer
available. Although dry docks of sufficient capacity exist in New Orleans, Mobile and
Tampa, an open-ocean tow to reach one of them, given the ship's condition, is out ofthe
question.
Even if it were physically possible to get the Texas into a dry dock, that does not
solve the problem. The problem gets solved when the ship is permanently removed from
the water.
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After many years of evaluating a wide range of alternative plans to address the
ship's problems (as well as other issues at San Jacinto), TPWD, working with many of
the stakeholders at the San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park, adopted a "Master
Plan" that called for placing the Texas into a permanent dry berth. It must be emphasized
at this point that all parties that are partners with TPWD at San Jacinto, including the San
Jacinto Historical Advisory Board, the San Jacinto Museum of History, BTF, the San
Jacinto Battleground Association (aka The Friends of the San Jacinto Battleground),
Daughters ofthe Republic of Texas, Sons of the Republic of Texas, and others, had input
into the "Master Plan". After the "Master Plan" was formally adopted by TPWD in
2004, the Legislature was approached to secure appropriate funding. The Legislature
allowed the voters of Texas to express their opinion and, in November 2007, the voters
approved Proposition 4 which authorized the issuance of $25 million in bonds to fund the
cost of placing the Texas into a permanent dry berth.
One of the provisions of the bond legislation is that BTF raise $4 million in
private funds to supplement the $25 million in bond funds. This will provide a total of
$29 million to accomplish the goal.
With this vote-of-confidence in place, BTF contracted with an independent
maritime engineering firm to make a survey of the ship to determine her condition. After
all, if the ship is not structurally sound enough to support herself when permanently
resting on keel blocks, then the question of dry berthing would be moot. Fortunately, the
report reflects that, although her hull leaks, her keel and main supporting internal
structure is sufficiently strong to support the weight of the ship in a dry berth.
Throughout the evaluation process, BTF has worked cooperatively with TPWD to ensure
that the overall plan for preserving, restoring and presenting the ship meets TPWD's
goals.
Once it was determined that dry-berthing was physically possible for the ship, it
was necessary to make a preliminary evaluation of the engineering-viable ways in which
dry-berthing could actually be accomplished. Again, an independent maritime
engineering firm was contracted to study the full range of dry-berth alternatives and to
present a report of their findings to BTF and to TPWD.
TPWD, acting on the report of the ship's condition, and on the report of the
engineering-viable dry-berth alternatives, and on their internal studies and reports,
prepared a progress report which they presented to the LBB in July 2008. The LBB
agreed that the required progress, in accordance with Rider 33 to Proposition 4, has been
made. On March 16,2009 the LBB acted to authorize the sale of the Bonds,
specifically stating that the Bonds are "contingent on the ship being dry berthed in
its current location."
So the financial choice is stark - spend at least $15 million every 15 to 20 years to
patch the ship (and never be sure it's "enough") or spend a maximum of $29 million, just
once, to permanently solve the problem.
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Ship's History -
The USS Texas (BB-35) was authorized by Congress in 1910; her keel was laid in
1911 and she was launched on May 18, 1912. She was fitted out, completed her sea trials
and was commissioned on March 12, 1914. During her sea trials, she set a new record
top speed for a battleship - over 22 knots. When she joined the Fleet, she was the most
powerful weapon in the world, mounting ten 14" guns in five twin turrets, with twenty-
one 5" guns and four torpedo tubes.
The Texas was one ofthe first "dreadnought"-type battleships in the U. S. Navy.
The name "dreadnought" was applied to this type of ship design because the ship would
be so powerful that it would fear nothing; i.e., it would literally "dread naught". The
British Navy built the HMS Dreadnought in 1906 and, in the process, coined the name
for an entire class of warships. Dreadnought-type ships were characterized by a large
number of high caliber guns in center-line turrets. The HMS Dreadnought had ten 12"
main guns while the Texas had ten 14" main guns.
When this class of warship was envisioned, designed and built, a nation's navy
was the public expression of its national pride. In the early part of the 20th century a
dreadnought was the functional equivalent of NASA's Space Shuttle; she represented the
epitome of a nation's technological and engineering talents, brought together to
accomplish a high national purpose. The Texas has been designated as both a National
Historic Landmark (in 1976) and a National Engineering Historic Landmark (in 1975).
The engineering designation is due to her unique steam engines.
Over the years and several refits, many 5" guns were removed but smaller caliber
anti-aircraft weapons were added. In 1916, the Texas received two 3" anti-aircraft
batteries before crossing the Atlantic to join other U. S. Navy battleships in support ofthe
British Home Fleet. The threat of "aeroplanes" was new and the response to the threat
was prompt. The Texas supported convoy operations bringing supplies to England
during World War I and was stalked by a German U-Boat (which never got into a
position to fire its torpedoes). In 1919, the Texas became the first U. S. Navy Battleship
to launch an aircraft.
In the 1925, the Texas was converted from coal-fired to oil-fired boilers, her
original cage masts were replaced with the tripod masts and "torpedo blisters" were
added to her hull as protection from the newest threat. Later, additional anti-aircraft
armaments were also added so that, by the time she became the Atlantic Fleet Flagship in
1938, she mounted sixteen 5" guns, eight 3" guns and several .50 caliber machine guns in
addition to her main battery. In 1939, the Texas became the first U. S. Navy vessel to be
outfitted with radar. She was a ship of many significant "firsts."
When World War II began, the Texas, as an older vessel, was primarily a training
ship; many young officers and crewmen honed their seamanship and naval gunnery skills
aboard "The Mighty T." Refitted with additional weapons, which also increased her
crew complement to over 1 ,800, she provided gunfire support for the Allied landings in
North Africa (Operation Torch) and was part of the 5,000-ship Allied Fleet on D-Day at
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Normandy on June 6, 1944. The Texas was part of the bombardment group with
responsibility for direct fire support of the landings. This placed her close to the beaches
so her 14" and 5" guns could be most effective against German shore batteries.
Before the landings, the Texas shelled the known German bunkers guarding the
Omaha invasion beach. During the landings, she shelled the area behind the bunkers to
keep German troops away from the coast; on June 6, the Texas fired 445 rounds of 14"
armor-piercing and high-explosive shells. Following the landings, she responded to radio
calls from the Allied soldiers seeking suppressive fire on specific positions so the ground
troops could advance inland.
On June 15, after the landings had taken place, the fire control center aboard the
Texas received a request for supporting naval gunfire. The request was not unusual; but
the source of the request was unusual. The request came from the pilot of a British
spotter plane. He reported that "elements of two German armored divisions are massing
at (and here he gave the grid coordinates identifying the location of the German tanks);"
he asked if any ships could fire on that location to destroy the German tanks. The
location was approximately 14 miles from the beach.
One can only imagine the havoc that could have been unleashed on the Allied foot
soldiers if a large contingent of German armor was able to attack and disrupt the
invasion. Obviously, this was a problem that needed a quick solution.
Aboard the Texas the options were limited. Because of the constraints imposed
on U. S. Navy battleships (as well as on the battleships of other major naval powers) by
the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments (usually known as the "Washington
Naval Treaty of 1922"), the 14" main guns ofthe Texas had a maximum range of only 12
miles. That range limitation was a product of the post- Wodd War I idealistic notion that
battleships should not be able to shoot any farther than they could see (and thus, visually
identify their targets). This was obviously before radar and before radar-directed fire
control. The treaty limitation meant that the Texas had steel "stops" welded in place in
each gun turret which restricted the ability of the guns to be elevated beyond 12 degrees.
On the Texas, 12 degrees of elevation equated to 12 miles of range.
The Captain ofthe Texas had a problem: he needed to be able to shoot 14 miles to
help save the lives of Allied troops, but his guns were limited to only a 12 mile range.
Fortunately, as an American naval officer dedicated to the success of the Allied mission,
he also had a solution to the problem. He maneuvered the ship to place the port side
parallel to the beach; then he ballasted down on the starboard side. This had the effect of
raising the port side farther out of the water and also raising the elevation of the guns.
When his Gunnery Officer told the Captain that sufficient elevation had been attained to
permit the guns to shoot the required 14 miles, the ballasting was stopped and the Texas
commenced firing on the grid coordinates.
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The Texas fired over 150 14" shells onto the grid coordinates specified by the
British pilot. The Texas ceased firing when the pilot radioed "You can stop now; those
Germans won't be attacking anyone."
The Texas suffered her only on-board combat death while supporting the Allied
advance on Cherbourg, France in July 1944. A German shell from a coastal battery
exploded on the top of the armored conning station, behind the number 2 14" gun turret.
While the shell did not penetrate the heavily-armored station, its fragments shattered the
pilot house, killing the helmsman and wounding thirteen other men. In spite of this
death, the Texas was regarded by her crew as a "lucky ship."
Once the fighting in the European Theater moved outside the range ofthe Texas'
guns, she was transferred to the Pacific, where she provided gunfire support for the
invasions oflwo Jima and Okinawa. After the Japanese surrender, the Texas made four
"magic carpet" runs, bringing former prisoners of war, Army soldiers and U. S. Marines
back home to the United States.
With the support of Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz (a native of Fredericksburg,
Texas), the Texas was accepted by the State of Texas as the first Battleship Memorial in
the United States in 1948. Admiral Nimitz had a warm spot in his heart for the Texas
because she had been a stalwart fighting ship under his command during the later stages
of the war in the Pacific.
As part ofthe legislation that accepted the Battleship Texas from the U. S. Navy,
the Battleship Texas Commission was formed. The Commission raised money from
thousands of generous Texans for the transportation costs and initial berthing costs of the
Texas. School children contributed their pennies, nickels and dimes into a fund that
helped bring the Texas "home." Leaders across Texas fully supported bringing the
Battleship Texas to San Jacinto, including descendants of General Sam Houston, the
Daughters ofthe Republic of Texas, the Sons of the Republic of Texas and many others.
She arrived at San Jacinto with great ceremony on April 21, 1948, the llih
anniversary of the Battle of San Jacinto. She has been berthed there ever since.
Hundreds ofthousands of Texas school children have visited the Texas to walk her decks,
learn her history and become inspired by the heroic deeds she performed. In partnership
with the San Jacinto Museum of History, the Battleship provides a double history lesson
for the many thousands of students who come to the San Jacinto State Historical Park
each year.
BTF works in conjunction with TPWD for the restoration, maintenance,
interpretation and public presentation of the world's last dreadnought. We conduct a very
active overnight education program; this year over 4,000 people spent a night aboard the
ship and learned of her history. Recently, our overnight education program celebrated its
24,000th guest. We work directly with the First Texas Volunteers as they bring their
knowledge of ship repair and maintenance to the goal of restoring spaces on the ship to
their "original" condition so those spaces can be seen by our visitors.
10
For additional information please contact:
Battleship Texas Foundation
908 Town & Country Blvd., Suite 120
Houston, Texas 77024-2208
713 827-9620 (0)
713 827-9621 (F)
bb3 5 foundation@sbcgloba1.net
Steven K. Howell, Executive Director
Attachments:
1.
2.
3.
Current photo of the Texas at San Jacinto State Historical Park
Sketch of Graving Dock Option for Dry-Berthing
Site Plan showing proposed Visitor Amenities
Battleship Texas at San Jacinto
11
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Reminder:
BAHEP report as item on 4B agenda
every quarter meeting.