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<br />channels consist of natural bayous, man-made, but natural-looking <br />Channels Types <br />channels, and concrete channels. (see inset) <br /> <br /> <br />In 2007, the City participated in the Federal Emergency Management <br />Agency (FEMA) sponsored Tropical Storm Allison Recovery Program <br />(TSARP), which resulted in revised 100-year flood maps (also known <br />as FIRMs, i.e., flood insurance rate maps) that became effective on <br />2 <br />June 18, 2007. In 2009, the City undertook a City-wide drainage <br />study to identify, develop, and recommend improvements to <br />address drainage problems and lessen flooding and its impacts <br />across the City. In addition to natural causes common to coastal <br /> <br />areas (e.g., storm surge), the plan identified six reasons causing the <br />Natural Bayou <br />3 <br />drainage and flooding problems. They were: <br /> <br />1)Insufficient flow capacity in ditches and channels; <br /> <br />2)Ponding of waters in streets and adjacent properties; <br /> <br />3)Undersized storm sewers; <br /> <br />4)Temporary blockage of storm water inlets by debris; <br /> <br />5)Backup of storm waters in sewers; and <br /> <br />6)Lack of overland or sheet flow paths. <br /> <br /> <br />Natural Channel <br />As part of that study, the City requested that past repetitive loss data <br />be studied to determine the level of severity of drainage and <br />flooding problems so that the City could identify priority projects on <br />a subdivision-level scale. The report identified 27 subdivisions that <br />had significant drainage or flooding problems, with Brookglen, <br />Creekmont Section 1, Glen Meadows, Fairmont Park East, Pinegrove <br />Valley, and Spencer Highway Estates being the highest ranked <br />4 <br />problem areas. <br />Concrete Channel <br /> <br /> <br />As solutions to these identified problems, the plan identified <br />Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative <br />remedies to correct current flooding and drainage problems, as well <br />as mitigation techniques to prevent future drainage problems that could <br />arise from new development. To address current drainage and flooding <br />problems, the plan recommended the following four types of projects: <br />1)Channel improvements; <br /> <br />2)Detention ponds for flood flow diversion; <br /> <br />3)Storm sewer upgrades; and <br /> <br />4)Development of relief swales. <br /> <br /> <br />2 <br /> Ibid. <br />3 <br /> Ibid. <br />4 <br /> Ibid. <br />3.3 <br /> <br />Infrastructure and growth capacity <br />2.ř Adopted July 20, 2009 <br /> <br />