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<br />Recommend. Tests ~or Resid. Fuels <br /> <br />. -_. -'-' - .. - -.'" .---..;.--- .. - .. .....,.... .." .....-.... '. ~ '1 <br /> <br />The routine tests carried out for marine. ': <br />. ' ."". I <br />fuel oils are: " ' <br />" <br />'r <br />Density <br />Viscosi ty <br />Water <br />Micro-carbon residue <br />Sulphur <br />Sodium <br />Ash <br />Vanadium <br />Aluminium <br />Silicon <br />Total Sediment Existent <br />. Pour point <br />Flash point <br />Specific Energy (Calculated) <br />Calculated Carbon Aromatjcity Ind-ex <br /> <br />Similar comprehensive analysis <br />is undertaken for clear distillate fuels <br />includingFT-IR screening' <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />Density <br /> <br />Fuel delivery is measured by <br />volume but invoiced by weight. <br />The density information is there- <br />fore essential for determining the <br />weight of the fuel received. Den- <br />sity must be known in order that <br />the shipboard staff can set the <br />centrifuges correctly and also for <br />calculating the calorific value <br />of the fuel. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />Viscosity <br /> <br />Viscosity is the parameter deter- <br />mining fuel grade and thus the <br />price of the product delivered. <br />It must be known for det~rmining <br />the fuel pre-heating temperature <br />prior to centrifuging and fuel <br />injection. Where additional <br />heating capacity on board the <br />ship is available, considerable <br />savings in fuel costs can be made <br />by burning a higher viscosity <br />grade without necessarily <br />compromising on fuel quality, <br />provided that there are no limita- <br />tions due to engine condition <br />and engine manufacturer's <br />recommendations. <br /> <br /> <br />.1 <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />i <br /> <br />, <br />" <br /> <br />... <br /> <br />'j ~ <br /> <br />. I' <br />. <br />~\ <br />,. <br /> <br />, <br />.. --- ..-j <br /> <br />Density essential for accurate weight calculation <br /> <br /> <br />Micro-Carbon Residue <br /> <br />The Micro-Carbon Residue con- <br />tent reflects the tendency for <br />incomplete combustion and the <br />formation of carbonaceous depos- <br />its. When burning a high carbon <br />residue fuel it is important to <br />avoid engine conditions which <br />tend to increase deposit forma- <br />tion. Some engines are more <br />prone to problems when burning <br />a high MeR fuel. <br /> <br />Viscosity neccesary to determine correct <br />pre-heating temperature <br /> <br />Water Content <br /> <br />Besides representing a loss of <br />energy content in the fuel, water <br />can cause numerous problems <br />for the fuel pre-treatment and <br />high 'pressure injection system. <br />Salt water can, lead to corrosion, <br />the sticking of pumps, injectors <br />and deposits in cylinders and <br />turbochargers. <br /> <br />Turbocharger fouling from <br />sea-watll1' contamination <br />