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<br />Sulphur <br /> <br />Sulphur content represents ess of energy con- <br />tent in the fuel. Very low levels of sulphur may <br />represent some risk of deposit formation in the <br />form of alkaline ashes in crosshead engines, while <br />high sulphur content combined with reduced <br />load, low temperature and moist scavenge air, can <br />lead to corrosion. <br /> <br />Ash <br /> <br />Gives a useful indication of the amount of incom- <br />bustible impurities in the fuel. Such impurities may <br />include sodium, vanadium and powder, which can <br />remain in the fuel in high concentrations after <br />catalytic cracking. Such particles are very abrasive <br />and can cause rapid wear of the cylinders and high <br />pressure fuel system components, unless they are <br />efficiently removed in fuel pre-treatment. Silicon in <br />the fuel may also originate from sand. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />, I <br />,.: I <br />"I <br />, i <br />I <br /> <br /> <br />Catalyst fines can cause serious abrasive wear <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />, 'I <br /> <br />Pour Point (upper) <br /> <br />This test is carried out for fuels with viscosity below <br />100cSt at 50 deg. C only. It is an important test in <br />relation to storage and handling of residual and <br />distillate fuels in outdoor tanks, equipment,for <br />emergency use as well as ship bunker tanks <br />exposed to low temperatures. Failure of the fuel <br />to flow at low temperatures can cause engine <br />stoppages and adversely affect the safe operation <br />of the vessel. <br /> <br /> <br />High V /Na ash can cause high <br />temperature corrosion <br /> <br />Total Sediment Existent <br /> <br />This test gives an indication of the cleanliness <br />and stability of the fuel and its tendency to form <br />sludge which can result in clogging of fuel <br />lines and centrifuges. <br /> <br />Net SPecific Energy <br /> <br />Purchase of fuel is basically purchase of energy. <br />This is a calculated value based on the BSMA 100, <br />1989 formula using test results from the analysis. <br /> <br /> <br />Incompatible fuels can result in excessive sludge <br />